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This page explains what governing bodies, standards bodies and safety bodies publish. It is not a substitute for lessons from a qualified instructor, avalanche training or medical advice.
This section is a reference to the rules and standards on ski and snowboard equipment, not a buying guide or an instruction manual. Skiing and snowboarding cause head and knee injuries and deaths, and avalanches kill people in the backcountry, which is why the helmet, back-protector, binding and avalanche-equipment standards take up several pages. No item of equipment is presented here as preventing injury or death, and nothing here replaces lessons, avalanche training or a doctor.
The disciplines are different sports with different equipment rules. Alpine, freestyle and freeski, ski cross, snowboard, cross-country, ski jumping and Nordic combined each have their own FIS rules, and ski mountaineering races run under the ISMF's rules, not FIS's. Every figure on these pages is given with its discipline, its document and edition, and its rule number. Binding release-value settings, boot fitting, tuning, waxing and the use of avalanche equipment are outside the site's scope.
Rule books and standards used
| Document | Edition used | Note |
|---|---|---|
| FIS alpine equipment specifications | Edition 2026/2027 (July 2026), compared with 2025/2026 (July 2025) | Children's (U14, U16) columns, tolerances and boot-height bands could not be read reliably and are not given |
| FIS snowboard, freestyle, freeski and ski cross specifications | Edition 2026/2027 (June 2026), compared with 2025/2026 (June 2025) | |
| FIS cross-country, ski jumping and Nordic combined specifications | Edition 2026/2027 | Read from a marked-up copy; its figures need confirming against a clean copy |
| ISMF Rules and Guidelines (ski mountaineering) | 2025-26, in force 30 October 2025 | Copy hosted by the Deutscher Alpenverein |
| ISO ski, boot and binding standards | Editions as listed in the ISO catalogue | Seen in search results; iso.org pages could not be opened |
| ASTM F2040, EN 1077, Snell S-98 | F2040-18; EN 1077:2007; S-98 (1998) | FIS writes "ASTM 2040" and EN 1077 (read here as ASTM F2040) without edition years |
| ETSI EN 300 718, EN 16716, UIAA 156 and 157 | V2.2.1 (2021); 2017; 2017 and the version described in 2023 | Standards only, no methods of use |
What changed for 2026/27
- Alpine skis: maximum lengths for downhill, super-G and giant slalom, and a ski-system weight table that contradicts another clause of the same document: see FIS race ski rules and the race ski checker.
- Alpine boots: a maximum boot height set by sole length.
- Alpine protection: airbags mandatory at race levels 0 and 1 in speed events without the 2025/26 exceptions, and cut-resistant underpants mandatory at all FIS alpine events: see race suits, airbags and cut protection.
- Ski cross: cut-resistant undergarments mandatory at race level 1.
- Snowboard cross: a triple helmet requirement (ASTM F2040, EN 1077 class A and a 6.8 m/s test) and mandatory back protection: see helmets and standards.
The safety research behind these rules, including what studies say about helmets, is in the safety section, and buying guides by category are in guides.
Sources
- FIS, Specifications for Alpine Competition Equipment, Edition 2026/2027 (July 2026)
- FIS, Specifications for Alpine Competition Equipment, Edition 2025/2026 (July 2025)
- FIS, Specifications for Competition Equipment: Snowboard, Freestyle, Freeski and Ski Cross, Edition 2026/2027 (June 2026)
- FIS, Specifications for Competition Equipment: Snowboard, Freestyle, Freeski and Ski Cross, Edition 2025/2026 (June 2025)
- FIS, Specifications for Competition Equipment: Cross-Country, Ski Jumping, Nordic Combined, Edition 2026/2027 (marked-up copy)
- International Ski Mountaineering Federation (ISMF), Rules and Guidelines 2025-26, in force 30 October 2025 (copy hosted by the Deutscher Alpenverein)
- ASTM, F2040-18 Standard Specification for Helmets Used for Recreational Snow Sports (store page)
- Standards Norway, NS-EN 1077:2007 Helmets for alpine skiers and snowboarders
- ETSI EN 300 718-1 V2.2.1 (2021-06), Avalanche Beacons operating at 457 kHz, Part 1
- Standards Norway, NS-EN 16716:2017 Mountaineering equipment: avalanche airbag systems
- Snell Memorial Foundation, 1998 Standard for Protective Headgear for Skiing and Other Winter Activities (S-98)
- UIAA, avalanche rescue shovel standard UIAA 156 (17 July 2017)
- Genswein, Rogora and Bedogni, ISSW 2023 proceedings paper on avalanche rescue probe and shovel standards (Montana State University library)
- ISO 9462:2023, Alpine ski-bindings: requirements and test methods (catalogue entry)
- ISO 5355:2019, Alpine ski-boots: requirements and test methods (catalogue entry)
- FIS, Fluor ban implementation: FIS Alpine (October 2023)